From: <Opgeslagen door Microsoft Internet Explorer 5>
Subject: GeneWeb - Consanguinity
Date: Fri, 14 May 2004 08:23:15 +0200
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    <TD><A href=3D"http://pauillac.inria.fr/~ddr/GeneWeb/"><IMG =
align=3Dleft=20
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      <H1><FONT color=3D#2f6400>GeneWeb -=20
Consanguinity</FONT></H1></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></FONT><BR><BR>This =
part=20
explains the concepts of "consanguinity" and "relationship" used by =
<FONT=20
color=3D#2f6400><B>GeneWeb</B></FONT> and how they are computed.=20
<HR>

<H3><FONT color=3D#2f6400>Consanguinity and Relationship</FONT></H3>The =
genom of=20
an individual consists of a great number of genes which, if mutations =
are=20
ignored, reproduce identically. The genes can be used to measure the =
identity of=20
a person.=20
<P>The genes are placed in precise locations named "locus". Each =
individual has=20
for each locus two genes, one transmitted by his mother, the other by =
his=20
father, and transmits to his children a copy of the one of his genes.=20
<P>The <EM>Consanguinity</EM> of an individual <EM>x</EM> is the =
probability=20
<EM>cg(x)</EM> to find in a given locus two identical genes.=20
<P>The <EM>Relationship</EM> of two individuals <EM>x</EM> and =
<EM>y</EM> is the=20
probability <EM>pr(x, y)</EM> to find in the same locus two identical =
genes.=20
<HR>

<H3><FONT color=3D#2f6400>Computations</FONT></H3>A probability calculus =
shows=20
that:=20
<UL>
  <LI>The consanguinity <EM>cg(x)</EM> is equal to the relationship=20
  <EM>pr(px,mx)</EM> of the parents <EM>px</EM> and <EM>mx</EM> of=20
  <EM>x</EM>.</LI></UL>
<P>
<UL>
  <LI>If <EM>x..a..y</EM> is a minimal relationship link between =
<EM>x</EM> and=20
  <EM>y</EM> (i.e. such as the branches <EM>x..a</EM> and <EM>a..y</EM> =
have=20
  just <EM>a</EM> in common), then it contributes to the relationship of =

  <EM>x</EM> and <EM>y</EM> of a factor: <PRE>      1
     ---- (1 + cg a)
      n+1
     2
</PRE>where <EM>n</EM> is the length (distance <EM>x..a</EM> + distance=20
  <EM>a..y</EM>) of the relationship link <EM>x..a..y</EM>.=20
  <P>The relationship of <EM>x</EM> and <EM>y</EM> is the sum of the=20
  contributions of all their minimal relationship links. </P></LI></UL>
<HR>

<H3><FONT color=3D#2f6400>GeneWeb</FONT></H3><FONT=20
color=3D#2f6400><B>GeneWeb</B></FONT> displays the consanguinity and the =

relationship in the form of a percentage.=20
<P>Statistically, on the great number of locuses of an individual, the=20
consanguinity corresponds approximately to the percentage of his locuses =
holding=20
identical genes.=20
<P>The algorithms of consanguinity and relationship were written by =
Didier R=E9my,=20
director of research at INRIA. We thank him for that.=20
<HR>

<H3><FONT color=3D#2f6400>References</FONT></H3>
<UL>
  <LI>Albert Jacquard. <EM>Genetic structures of the Populations.</EM> =
Masson=20
  &amp; Co, 1970.</LI></UL>
<P>
<HR>
<BR>
<CENTER>Return to <A=20
href=3D"http://geneweb.inria.fr/geneweb?m=3DDOC;v=3Den/diruse.htm">Direct=
ions for=20
Use</A></CENTER>
<P>
<HR>
<FONT size=3D-1><EM>=A9Copyright 2001 INRIA - =
GeneWeb</EM></FONT><BR></BODY></HTML>

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